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cups(1)                          OpenPrinting                          cups(1)

NAME

cups - a standards-based, open source printing system

DESCRIPTION

CUPS is the software you use to print from applications like word processors, email readers, photo editors, and web browsers. It converts the page descriptions produced by your application (put a paragraph here, draw a line there, and so forth) into something your printer can understand and then sends the information to the printer for printing. Now, since every printer manufacturer does things differently, printing can be very complicated. CUPS does its best to hide this from you and your application so that you can concentrate on printing and less on how to print. Generally, the only time you need to know anything about your printer is when you use it for the first time, and even then CUPS can often figure things out on its own. HOW DOES IT WORK? The first time you print to a printer, CUPS creates a queue to keep track of the current status of the printer (everything OK, out of paper, etc.) and any pages you have printed. Most of the time the queue points to a printer connected directly to your computer via a USB port, however it can also point to a printer on your network, a printer on the Internet, or multiple printers depending on the configuration. Regardless of where the queue points, it will look like any other printer to you and your applications. Every time you print something, CUPS creates a job which contains the queue you are sending the print to, the name of the document you are printing, and the page descriptions. Job are numbered (queue-1, queue-2, and so forth) so you can monitor the job as it is printed or cancel it if you see a mistake. When CUPS gets a job for printing, it determines the best programs (filters, printer drivers, port monitors, and backends) to convert the pages into a printable format and then runs them to actually print the job. When the print job is completely printed, CUPS removes the job from the queue and moves on to any other jobs you have submitted. You can also be notified when the job is finished, or if there are any errors during printing, in several different ways. WHERE DO I BEGIN? The easiest way to start is by using the web interface to configure your printer. Go to "http://localhost:631" and choose the Administration tab at the top of the page. Click/press on the Add Printer button and follow the prompts. When you are asked for a username and password, enter your login username and password or the "root" username and password. After the printer is added you will be asked to set the default printer options (paper size, output mode, etc.) for the printer. Make any changes as needed and then click/press on the Set Default Options button to save them. Some printers also support auto-configuration - click/press on the Query Printer for Default Options button to update the options automatically. Once you have added the printer, you can print to it from any application. You can also choose Print Test Page from the maintenance menu to print a simple test page and verify that everything is working properly. You can also use the lpadmin(8) and lpinfo(8) commands to add printers to CUPS. Additionally, your operating system may include graphical user interfaces or automatically create printer queues when you connect a printer to your computer. HOW DO I GET HELP? The OpenPrinting CUPS website (https://openprinting.github.io/cups) provides access to the cups and cups-devel mailing lists, additional documentation and resources, and a bug report database. Most vendors also provide online discussion forums to ask printing questions for your operating system of choice.

ENVIRONMENT

CUPS commands use the following environment variables to override the default locations of files and so forth. For security reasons, these environment variables are ignored for setuid programs: CUPS_ANYROOT Whether to allow any X.509 certificate root (Y or N). CUPS_CACHEDIR The directory where semi-persistent cache files can be found. CUPS_DATADIR The directory where data files can be found. CUPS_ENCRYPTION The default level of encryption (Always, IfRequested, Never, Required). CUPS_EXPIREDCERTS Whether to allow expired X.509 certificates (Y or N). CUPS_GSSSERVICENAME The Kerberos service name used for authentication. CUPS_SERVER The hostname/IP address and port number of the CUPS scheduler (hostname:port or ipaddress:port). CUPS_SERVERBIN The directory where server helper programs, filters, backend, etc. can be found. CUPS_SERVERROOT The root directory of the server. CUPS_STATEDIR The directory where state files can be found. CUPS_USER Specifies the name of the user for print requests. HOME Specifies the home directory of the current user. IPP_PORT Specifies the default port number for IPP requests. LOCALEDIR Specifies the location of localization files. LPDEST Specifies the default print queue (System V standard). PRINTER Specifies the default print queue (Berkeley standard). TMPDIR Specifies the location of temporary files.

FILES

~/.cups/client.conf ~/.cups/lpoptions

CONFORMING TO

CUPS conforms to the Internet Printing Protocol version 2.1 and implements the Berkeley and System V UNIX print commands.

NOTES

CUPS printer drivers, backends, and PPD files are deprecated and will no longer be supported in a future feature release of CUPS. Printers that do not support IPP can be supported using applications such as ippeveprinter(1).

SEE ALSO

cancel(1), client.conf(5), cupsctl(8), cupsd(8), lp(1), lpadmin(8), lpinfo(8), lpoptions(1), lpr(1), lprm(1), lpq(1), lpstat(1), CUPS Online Help (http://localhost:631/help), OpenPrinting CUPS Web Site (https://openprinting.github.io/cups), PWG Internet Printing Protocol Workgroup (http://www.pwg.org/ipp)

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2021-2023 by OpenPrinting. 2021-02-28 CUPS cups(1) snmp.conf(5) OpenPrinting snmp.conf(5)

NAME

snmp.conf - snmp configuration file for cups (deprecated)

DESCRIPTION

The snmp.conf file configures how the standard CUPS network backends (http, https, ipp, ipps, lpd, snmp, and socket) access printer information using SNMPv1 and is normally located in the /usr/local/etc/cups directory. Each line in the file can be a configuration directive, a blank line, or a comment. Comment lines start with the # character. The Community and DebugLevel directives are used by all backends. The remainder apply only to the SNMP backend - cups-snmp(8).

DIRECTIVES

The following directives are understood by the CUPS network backends: Address @IF(name) Address @LOCAL Address address Sends SNMP broadcast queries (for discovery) to the specified address(es). There is no default for the broadcast address. Community name Specifies the community name to use. Only a single community name may be specified. The default community name is "public". If no name is specified, all SNMP functions are disabled. DebugLevel number Specifies the logging level from 0 (none) to 3 (everything). Typically only used for debugging (thus the name). The default debug level is 0. DeviceURI "regular expression" device-uri [... device-uri] Specifies one or more device URIs that should be used for a given make and model string. The regular expression is used to match the detected make and model, and the device URI strings must be of the form "scheme://%s[:port]/[path]", where "%s" represents the detected address or hostname. There are no default device URI matching rules. HostNameLookups on HostNameLookups off Specifies whether the addresses of printers should be converted to hostnames or left as numeric IP addresses. The default is "off". MaxRunTime seconds Specifies the maximum number of seconds that the SNMP backend will scan the network for printers. The default is 120 seconds (2 minutes).

NOTES

CUPS backends are deprecated and will no longer be supported in a future feature release of CUPS. Printers that do not support IPP can be supported using applications such as ippeveprinter(1).

SEE ALSO

cups-snmp(8), CUPS Online Help (http://localhost:631/help)

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2021-2023 by OpenPrinting. 2021-02-28 CUPS snmp.conf(5)

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